Fig. 1: Correlative analysis of O-GlcNAcylation level with clinical parameters.

a A flowchart illustrating the process of clinical sample selection, data collection, and analysis. All samples were derived from patients receiving their initial treatment, and none of the patients had concurrent or previous tumors. Paraffin-embedded (FFPE); Immunohistochemistry (IHC). b, c Representative images depicting IHC staining of O-GlcNAcylation (RL2) and OGT in EC tumoral and peritumoral tissues in the FFPE tissue array. O-GlcNAcylation (RL2) and OGT immunostaining were intense in the glandular epithelium of the tumor. Scale bars: 50 µm. d, e Quantitative analysis of the levels of O-GlcNAcylation (RL2) and OGT in the EC tissue arrays. The levels of O-GlcNAcylation and OGT were assessed semi-quantitatively based on both the intensity and area of the staining. The product of proportion and intensity score was used as the final IHC score (0–12). Tumoral tissue (n = 31); peritumoral tissue (n = 23). The results are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was calculated using unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test. f Representative images of IHC staining showing varying levels of O-GlcNAcylation in serial sections of EC tissues of different histologic grades (well differentiated G1, moderately differentiated G2, and poorly differentiated G3. G1, n = 71; G2, n = 106; G3, n = 42). Scale bar: 50 µm. g Percentage of samples with high or low level of O-GlcNAcylation in different histologic grade groups. High and low categories were determined using a scoring system (high score: 8–12; low score: 0–6). (G1, n = 71; G2, n = 106; G3, n = 42). Statistical significance between groups was calculated using two-sided Fisher’s exact test. h, i Kaplan–Meier survival curves of PFS and OS of the EC patients stratified by the level of O-GlcNAcylation derived from their IHC scores. (Patients in high-RL2 group, n = 89; Patients in low-RL2 group, n = 115). Statistical significance was determined by the log-rank test. The source data for (d-e, g, h, i) are provided in the Source Data file.