Fig. 4: NAPTUNE demonstrates multiplexing efficiency and detection fidelity.
From: NAPTUNE: nucleic acids and protein biomarkers testing via ultra-sensitive nucleases escalation
a Schematic representation of NAPTUNE for detection of circRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs. [Created in BioRender. Dbs, D. (2025) https://BioRender.com/p72c816]. b Detailed P1 designed for the three types of ncRNAs detection, circRNA1141, HOTAIR, and miR-21. [Created in BioRender. Dbs, D. (2025) https://BioRender.com/p72c816]. c Quantifications of NAPTUNE for the detection of different concentrations of circRNA1141, HOTAIR, and miR-21. Dotted lines are plotted to show the background fluorescence level. All the experiments were conducted in three technical replicates and error bars represent mean value ± SD (n = 3). d Comparing the limit of detections (LODs) for the NAPTUNE and qRT-PCR analyses of the three types of ncRNAs targets (1 pM each). e Evaluation of specificity across three types of ncRNAs targets (1 pM each) by NAPTUNE. The color intensity represents the average signal level of three technical replicates for each target. NC, negative control assay with buffer to substitute RNA target. f The diagram illustrates the detection of multiple targets in a single-pot assay. This method employs various types of fluorophore-quencher labeled probes to monitor different target RNAs. [Created in BioRender. Dbs, D. (2025) https://BioRender.com/j94m460]. g Representative results of simultaneous HOTAIR and miR-21 detection using NAPTUNE. In this assay, the HEX signal (red) indicates miR-21, while FAM (green) reflects HOTAIR. CircRNA1141 was used as the non-target RNA. h Quantification of multiple target (1 Pm each) detection results from 12 parallel assays in a microplate reader. CircRNA1141 was used as the non-target RNA.
