Table 1 Scenario design. ‘Deforesting regions’ are defined as regions deforesting in REF between 2015 and 2050 (see Table S4 for additional details)

From: Emissions leakage and economic losses may undermine deforestation-linked oil crop import restrictions

Scenario

Policy

Import-restricting regions

REF

None

None

EU freeze

Ceiling on imports from deforesting regions at 2020 levels

EU

HighInc freeze

Ceiling on imports from deforesting regions at 2020 levels

EU, rest of Europe (EFTA and Europe_Non_EU), Argentina, Australia_NZ, Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, Mexico, Middle East, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, USA

EU/Top 5 freeze

Ceiling on imports from deforesting regions at 2020 levels

EU and top 5 net importers for oil palm and soy:

For oil palm: EU, India, China, Pakistan, Middle East, Australia_NZ

For soybean: EU, China, rest of Southeast Asia, Middle East, Africa_Northern, Indonesia

EU ban

Full ban on imports from deforesting regions

EU

Land protect

Protect forest land in each deforesting region equivalent to land reduced from oil palm and soy production in HighInc freeze - REF

None

  1. Note: In GCAM, Malaysia is contained within the rest of the Southeast Asia region (referred to in the paper as RO SEAsia). Indonesia is represented as a standalone GCAM region.
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