Fig. 2: Measured phase diagram.
From: Bifurcation of time crystals in driven and dissipative Rydberg atomic gas
Color maps of probe transmission (normalized with respect to their respective maximal values) when scanning Δc and the external RF field voltage U from 0 to 10 V (a), and the external RF field frequency ω from 0 to 2π × 30 MHz (d). Here, the coupling detuning Δc is scanned from Δc = − 2π × 60 MHz to Δc = 2π × 30 MHz. In the oscillating regions in panels a and d, the system is in the time translation symmetry-breaking phase. The color bar ranging from 0 to 1 represents the transmission intensity. b and c correspond to probe transmissions with U = 5 V and U = 10 V, respectively. Here, the RF field is set at ω = 2π × 7.2 MHz. e and f are the probe transmissions with RF field frequencies of ω = 2π  × 7 MHz and ω = 2π × 28 MHz, respectively. The voltage is set U = 2 V. The red arrows shown in e and f indicate sudden jumps in the probe transmission spectrum, which are called non-equilibrium phase transitions. In panels b and e, oscillation behavior occurs in the probe transmission spectrum that corresponds to the non-trivial regime for time translation symmetry breaking.
