Fig. 4: Responses of the growth, reproduction, behaviour and biomarker of animals, plants or microorganisms to chemical synthetic, mineral-based and biogenic pesticides, insecticides, fungicides or herbicides, respectively.
From: Pesticides have negative effects on non-target organisms
No observations were found to study the responses of the animals, plants and microorganisms to mineral-based herbicides. Horizontal lines indicate the 95% confidence intervals around the means; numbers in brackets indicate the numbers of observations and studies. Blue lines represent the growth of invertebrate animals, vertebrate animals, seed plants, spore-producing plants, bacteria and fungicides; green lines represent the reproduction of invertebrate animals, vertebrate animals, seed plants, spore-producing plants, bacteria and fungicides; red lines represent the biomarker of invertebrate animals, vertebrate animals, seed plants, spore-producing plants, bacteria and fungicides; and black lines represent animal behaviour. Absolute values of ‘biomarker’ values were taken. Z test is used for tests of individual coefficients. Each test is two-sided and the original P value is reported with no multiple comparisons. a Chemical pesticides. b Mineral-based pesticides. c Biogenic pesticides. d Chemical insecticides. e Mineral-based insectides. f Biogenic insectides. g Chemical fungicides. h Mineral-based fungicides. i Biogenic fungicides. j Chemical herbicides. k Biogenic herbicides. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
