Fig. 6: Responses of the growth, reproduction, behaviour and biomarker of animals, plants or microorganisms to pesticides, insecticides, fungicides or herbicides in temperate and tropical zones, respectively.
From: Pesticides have negative effects on non-target organisms
No observations were found to study the responses of the animals, plants and microorganisms to fungicides in tropical zones. Data from laboratory conditions were removed from the models with climatic predictors. Horizontal lines indicate the 95% confidence intervals around the means; numbers in brackets indicate the numbers of observations and studies. Blue lines represent the growth of invertebrate animals, vertebrate animals, seed plants, spore-producing plants, bacteria and fungicides; green lines represent the reproduction of invertebrate animals, vertebrate animals, seed plants, spore-producing plants, bacteria and fungicides; red lines represent the biomarker of invertebrate animals, vertebrate animals, seed plants, spore-producing plants, bacteria and fungicides; and black lines represent animal behaviour. Absolute values of ‘biomarker’ values were taken. Z test is used for tests of individual coefficients. Each test is two-sided and the original P value is reported with no multiple comparisons. a Temperate zone experiments of pesticides. b Temperate zone experiments of insecticides. c Temperate zone experiments of fungicides. d Temperate zone experiments of herbicides. e Tropical zone experiments of pesticides. f Tropical zone experiments of insecticides. g Tropical zone experiments of herbicides. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
