Fig. 5: Distinct genetic and immune landscapes of aggressive and indolent renal tumors.

A Waterfall plot demonstrating clinical information and genetic mutations in indolent and aggressive renal tumors. B Gene ontology analyses of aggressive versus indolent tumors. C Heatmap displaying expressions of immune-related gene clusters, angiogenesis gene clusters, and prognostic gene clusters in indolent and aggressive tumors. D Raincloud plot of immune score in indolent (n = 93) and aggressive tumors (n = 127). E Raincloud plot of immune suppression score in indolent (n = 93) and aggressive tumors (n = 127). F Immune cell fractions in indolent (n = 93) and aggressive tumors (n = 127). G Violin plot of immune cell infiltrations in indolent and aggressive tumors (B cells, p = 0.702; CD8 + T cells, p = 0.006; CD4 + T cells, p = 0.200; Tregs, p = 0.028; NK cells, p = 0.221; Monocytes, p = 0.304; Macrophages, p = 0.127; Dendritic cells, p = 0.731; Mast cells, p < 0.001; Eosinophils, p = 0.129; Neutrophils, p = 0.328). H Representative images of FOXP3 staining and raincloud plot of Treg densities in indolent (n = 171) and aggressive tumors (n = 51). I Representative images of CD8 staining and raincloud plot of CD8 + T cell densities in indolent (n = 176) and aggressive tumors (n = 52). J Representative images of toluidine blue staining and raincloud plot of Mast cell densities in indolent (n = 175) and aggressive tumors (n = 52). The components of the box plots in the raincloud plots comprise the minimum and maximum non-outlier values in the dataset, the median (center), the first quartile (Q1, 25th percentile), and third quartile (Q3, 75th percentile) defining the box bounds, and whiskers extending to 1.5 times the interquartile range (IQR) beyond Q1 and Q3, with outliers plotted separately. The error bars in the violin plot represented the upper and lower quartiles. P values were two-sided and not adjusted for multiple comparisons. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.