Fig. 3: DHX9/ILF3 inhibits ZIKV and DENV replication and propagation in human neuroblastoma cells and iPSC–NSC.

A Western blot analysis of DHX9, ZIKV-E, and GAPDH protein expression in ZIKV-infected control or DHX9 knockdown SK-N-BE(2) cells (MOI = 1) at 48 hpi. n = 3 biological replicates/group. RT-qPCR analysis of DHX9 RNA expression (B) and ZIKV viral RNA copies (C) in ZIKV-infected control or DHX9 knockdown SK-N-BE(2) cells (MOI = 1) at 48 hpi. Bars, mean ± SD, n = 3 biological replicates/group, two-tailed Student’s t-test. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. D Viral titers in ZIKV-infected control or DHX9 knockdown SK-N-BE(2) cells (MOI = 1) were quantified by plaque assay at 48 hpi. Bars, mean ± SD, n = 3 biological replicates/group, two-tailed Student’s t-test. **p < 0.01. E Immunofluorescence showing Flavivirus expression in ZIKV-infected control or DXH9 knockdown SK-N-BE(2) cells (MOI = 1) at 48 hpi (scale bar, 50 μm). Bars, mean ± SD, n = 3 biological replicates/group, two-tailed Student’s t-test. **p < 0.01. F WB analysis of ILF3, DHX9, DENV-NS3, DENV-E, and GAPDH protein expression in DENV-infected control or ILF3 or DHX9 knockdown SK-N-BE(2) cells (MOI = 1) at 48 hpi. n = 2 biological replicates/group. G RT-qPCR analysis of viral RNA copies in DENV-infected control, ILF3 or DHX9 knockdown SK-N-BE(2) cells (MOI = 1) at 48 hpi. Bars, mean ± SD, n = 3 biological replicates/group, two-tailed Student’s t-test. **p < 0.01. H Viral titers in DENV-infected control, ILF3 or DHX9 knockdown SK-N-BE(2) cells (MOI = 1) were quantified by plaque assay at 48 hpi. Bars, mean ± SD, n = 3 biological replicates/group, two-tailed Student’s t-test. **p < 0.01. I, J Immunofluorescence showing Flavivirus expression in DENV-infected control, ILF3 or DHX9 knockdown iPSC–NSC cells (MOI = 1) (scale bar, 20 μm) at 48 hpi. Bars, mean ± SD, n = 3 biological replicates/group, two-tailed Student’s t-test. **p < 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, two-tailed Student’s t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.