Fig. 1: Prdm10 is a maternal effect gene.

a Expression heatmap (RNA-seq) of Prdm family members in mouse (n = 7, GV1-GV7) and human (n = 14, GV1-GV14) GV (germinal vesical) oocytes. (Prdm7 is primate-specific; Prdm10 is highlighted.) b Expression heatmap (RNA-seq) of Prdm family members in oocytes and early embryos. c RPF (ribosome-protected mRNA fragment) heatmap of Prdm family members in oocytes and early embryos. (FGO [fully grown oocytes], LPI [late prometaphase I oocyte], MII [Metaphase II oocyte], zygotes (PN3/5 [pronuclear stage 3/5]) and preimplantation stages (E2C/L2C [early/late 2-cell stage], 4C/8C [4-cell/8-cell stage], ICM [inner cell mass]). d Expression heatmap (RNA-seq) of Prdm family members in NGO (non-growing oocytes), GO1/2 (growing oocytes) and FGO. e Prdm10 expression in GV oocytes after Zp3-Cre-induced deletion (normalized to Trim28 and shown relative to Ctr expression levels). f Pups/litter born to Ctr and MatKO females mated to wildtype males (n = 15 and n = 8 observed mating plugs for Ctr and MatKO producing mothers, respectively; showing median, upper and lower quartiles; ****, p = 7.9*10⁻¹¹, unpaired, two-tailed, parametric t-test. g In vitro culture of Ctr and MatKO zygotes (E0.5) to the blastocyst stage (E3.5) (scale bar: 100 μm). h Percentage of embryos developing across preimplantation stages to blastocyst in culture (n = 59/106 Ctr or MatKO embryos, respectively). i Representative still images from Supplementary Movie 1 (a) and Supplementary Movie 2 (b) of a Ctr and Prdm10 MatKO zygote, respectively, at various timepoints across first cleavage division. Injected cRNA for H2B-RFP (red) labels chromatin while membrane-targeted GFP (green) labels membranes (scale bar: 50 μm). j Symmetric vs asymmetric blastomere size in Ctr and MatKO 2-cell stage embryos respectively (red arrowheads indicate smaller blastomere, scale bar: 100 μm). k Quantification of skewed blastomere size ratios (****, p = 2.1*10⁻⁵, unpaired, two-tailed, parametric t-test). At least three experimental replicates for all embryo isolations and counts were performed.