Fig. 1: Schematic illustration, surface morphology, element composition, and hydrophobicity of noncoated (w/o HPL) and HPL-coated (w/ HPL) anode. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Schematic illustration, surface morphology, element composition, and hydrophobicity of noncoated (w/o HPL) and HPL-coated (w/ HPL) anode.

From: High H2O2 production in membrane-free electrolyzer via anodic bubble shielding towards robust rural disinfection

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of membrane-free electrolyzer with a noncoated and b HPL-coated anodes. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of c noncoated and e HPL-coated anodes (c and e insets: photographic images of noncoated and HPL-coated anodes). Three-dimensional atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of d noncoated and f HPL-coated anodes (Ra is the average surface roughness). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping (Ir, Ru, C, and F elements) of g noncoated and i HPL-coated anodes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra (C 1s spectra) of h noncoated and j coated-HPL anode. Water contact angle and bubble contact angle for k noncoated and l HPL-coated anodes (γsv, γsl, and γlv are the surface free energy acting on the solid–vapor (γsv), solid–water (γsl), and water–vapor (γlv) interfaces, respectively). Source data for h and j are provided as a Source Data file.

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