Fig. 4: The abundance of genes involved in N-cycling in the rhizosphere of wild and domesticated rice.

a nifH, b nosZ, c nirK, d nirS, e AOA-amoA, and f AOB-amoA. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the two groups (two-sided Welch’s t-test, nifH p = 3.98E-08, nosZ p = 0.00001, nirK p = 2.55E-13, nirS p = 1.16E-22, AOA-amoA p = 1.64E-25, AOB-amoA p = 0.194). The figure depicts data for wild rice, consisting of five accessions, and domesticated rice, comprising seven accessions. The gene abundances are based on measurements from three biological replicates per accession, with each replicate including three technical replicates. In addition to the scatter plot, the data are displayed using boxplots, which show the median, interquartile range, and whiskers indicating the minimum and maximum values. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.