Fig. 6: Incorporation of anti-PD-L1 antibody with PARPi and RT improves anti-tumor efficacy.

a Schematic of experimental design with KP1 allografts to olaparib, RT, and anti-PD-L1 antibody (ab) combination treatment (Created in BioRender. Ran, X. (2025) https://BioRender.com/e93s595). b Tumor growth curve and Kaplan Meier plot of KP1 allografts treated with VEH+IgG (n = 6), VEH+anti-PD-L1 ab (n = 6), COM (OLA + RT)+IgG (n = 6) and COM (OLA + RT)+anti-PD-L1 ab (n = 8). COM is olaparib 50 mg/kg day 1-5 per week plus RT 8 Gy, day 2. IgG or anti-PD-L1 ab 10 mg/kg was delivered by IP injection twice a week. c–e The cumulative data for immune profiling of KP1 tumor (n = 6) treated with VEH+IgG, VEH+a-PD-L1 ab, COM (OLA + RT)+IgG or COM (OLA + RT)+a-PD-L1 ab, including total T cell (CD3⁺CD45⁺), CD4⁺T cell (CD3⁺CD45⁺CD4⁺), and CD8⁺ T cell (CD3⁺CD45⁺CD8⁺). f Schematic of experimental design with KP1 allografts to TALA, RT, TALA + RT, and TALA + RT+anti-PD-L1 ab combination treatment (Created in BioRender. Ran, X. (2025) https://BioRender.com/e93s595). g Tumor growth curve and Kaplan Meier plot of KP1 allografts treated with TALA (n = 6), RT (n = 6), TALA + RT (n = 6) and TALA + RT+anti-PD-L1 ab (n = 6). TALA 0.2 mg/kg was delivered day 1–5 per week plus RT 8 Gy, day 2. Anti-PD-L1 ab 10 mg/kg was delivered by IP injection twice a week. h–j The cumulative data for immune profiling of KP1 tumor (n = 5) treated with TALA, RT, TALA + RT or TALA + RT+a-PD-L1 ab, including total T cell (CD3⁺CD45⁺), CD4⁺T cell (CD3⁺CD45⁺CD4⁺), and CD8⁺ T cell (CD3⁺CD45⁺CD8⁺). For (b) and (g), tumor growth curve data are as mean ± SD and statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Kaplan-Meier data are analyzed by log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. For (c–e) and (h–j), data are presented as mean of n = 6 tumors and statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA. (ns, no significance; p: ****<0.0001 < *** < 0.001 < ** < 0.01 < * < 0.05). All exact p values are listed in the source data. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.