Fig. 3: Toughening mechanisms during the dendrite penetration process.
From: Atomic mechanism of lithium dendrite penetration in solid electrolytes
a Atomic structure of single-crystal LLZO under a strain loading of 0.13, with normalized lithium ions concentration of c/c0 = 1 and 0.9, respectively. b Schematic of the transition of fracture from cleavage to bridging due to the decreased Li-ions concentration. c Fracture toughness (KIC) under Mode I loading as a function of normalized lithium ions concentration for single-crystal LLZO. d Progression of dendrite penetration in the single-crystal LLZO.
