Fig. 2: Vδ1 T cells from ART-suppressed PWH retain their anti-HIV capabilities in vitro.

a Schematic representation of the viral inhibition assay (VIA). αβ CD4+ cells from ART-suppressed PWH were superinfected HIV-_JRCSF before co-culture with autologous Vδ1 T cells for 7 days. Created in BioRender. Mann, B. (2024) https://BioRender.com/r09k447. b HIV_p24 production from day 7 supernatants in co-cultures at a 1:1 (n = 8) and 1:10 (n = 6) E:T ratio normalized to αβ CD4 T cells cultured alone. Cytotoxicity assay showing (c), representative zebra plots and (d), quantification of CD107a expression and (e), f intracellular IFN-γ production within Vδ1 T cells cultured alone, co-cultured with non-superinfected αβ CD4 + T cells, or with superinfected αβ CD4 T cells at a 1:1 ratio (n = 6). g Inhibition of viral replication from superinfected CD4 + T cells by Vδ1 T cells, Vδ2 T cells, αβ CD8 T cells, and NK cells with or without pretreatment with IL-15 (n = 5). Sample sizes reflect biological replicates corresponding to distinct ART-suppressed PWH using the two-sided Friedman test with Dunn’s correction for multiple comparisons (b, d, f, g). Individually colored points represent distinct biological replicates of HIV− donors (b, d, f, g). Mean ± S.E.M are represented. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.