Fig. 6: Activation induces upregulation of CD4 expression on circulating Vδ1 T cells.

a Representative zebra plots and quantification of time course, (b) surface, and c total CD4 expression on circulating Vδ1 T cells from HIV− donors (n = 5) following stimulation with αCD3/αCD28 + IL-2 (navy), IL-2 alone (yellow), or unstimulated (orange). d Comparison of CD4 expression on Vδ1 T cells from HIV− donors (n = 8) in time course analysis following stimulation with αCD3/αCD28 + IL-2 (navy), αCD3 + IL-2 (blue), αCD28 + IL-2 (green), IL-2 alone (yellow), or unstimulated (orange). e Representative histograms and frequency of (f) CD4 and (g) CD8 expressing Vδ1 T cells from HIV− donors (n = 4) across cell divisions following 5 days of stimulation with αCD3/αCD28 + IL-2. h Representative zebra plots from day 0 and day 5 following stimulation demonstrating CD4 and CD8 expression are confined to discrete Vδ1 T cell populations. i Representative zebra plots and (j) frequency of CD4 expression after depletion and subsequent expression on Vδ1 T cells from HIV− donors (n = 4) following stimulation with αCD3/αCD28 + IL-2 (navy) v. unstimulated (orange) quantified on day 0, day 3, day 5, and day 7. k UMAP of total Vδ1 T cell clusters identified by FlowSOM analysis of CD4 expression and markers associated with activation/differentiation 5 days after stimulation on Vδ1 T cells from HIV− donors (n = 6). l UMAP of relative CD4 expression overlaid onto FlowSOM clusters and (m) heatmap of relative expression of each marker. Two-way ANOVA with Holm-Šídák method for multiple comparisons (b–d, j). Exact p values for (b) surface expression p = 0.0003, (c) total expression p = 0.0008, (d) required stimuli p = 0.0001, and (j) de novo expression p = 0.004. Mean ± S.E.M. is represented. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.