Fig. 4: EV-derived miR-145 serves as a critical factor in suppressing the ATM M1 program.

a Heatmap of miRNA expression profiles in yEVs and mEVs (n = 3 per group). b RT‒qPCR analysis of the candidate miRNAs in yEVs and mEVs (n = 3 biological replicates per group). c Correlation analysis between age and relative miR-145 expression in EVs derived from APCs humans of different ages. d Relative miR-145 expression in APCs from mice of different aged mice (3, 6, 9, and 12 months old) (n = 3 biological replicates per group). Flow cytometry analysis of CD11c (e), Western blotting results for iNOS (f) and RT‒qPCR results for the proinflammatory genes Tnf-α, Il-1β, and Il-6 (g) in BMDMs treated with PBS, PBS + miR-145 mimics, LPS, LPS + scramble, LPS + miR-145 mimics, LPS + miR-145 mimics + miR-145 inhibitor (n = 3 biological replicates per group). Flow cytometry results of CD11c (h), Western blotting results for iNOS (i) and relative mRNA expression of Tnf-α, Il-1β, and Il-6 (j) in BMDMs treated with PBS, LPS, LPS + yEVs, LPS + miR-145 inhibitor + yEVs (n = 3 biological replicates per group). The data were presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was assessed by two-sided Student’s t-test (b), two-sided Spearman’s correlation (c), or one-way ANOVA (d–j). See also Supplementary Fig. 6. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.