Fig. 1: Schematic overview of the study.
From: Urinary extracellular vesicle N-glycomics identifies diagnostic glycosignatures for bladder cancer
The urine samples from 333 individuals were collected for EV isolation. Alterations in the urinary EVs N-glycome among urologically related diseases and healthy individuals can unearth potential diagnostic markers for bladder cancer. In the discovery phase, 132 samples were classified into four subgroups: bladder cancer (BC, n = 45), urologic-associated benign patients (UB, n = 31), patients with other urologic malignancies (UM, n = 25) and healthy controls (HC, n = 31). By analyzing the N-glycome data in the discovery cohort, the N-glycome profiles of urinary EVs were constructed. Then, a bladder cancer diagnostic model was constructed using logistic regression algorithms. The diagnostic model was subsequently evaluated and validated in two validation cohorts (Validation cohort 1: n = 83; BC, n = 47; HC, n = 36; Validation cohort 2: n = 118; BC, n = 29; UB, n = 30; UM, n = 29; HC, n = 30;). Blue square: N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc); green circle: mannose (Man); yellow circle: galactose (Gal); purple diamond: N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac); red triangle: fucose (Fuc). Created with BioRender.com.
