Fig. 4: Eight N-glycans were identified and screened as potential biomarkers.
From: Urinary extracellular vesicle N-glycomics identifies diagnostic glycosignatures for bladder cancer
a The Nightingale rose diagram illustrates the quantity of differential N-glycans among BC, UB, UM, and HC groups. b The heatmap depicts the intensity distribution of 21 differential N-glycans across urology-related diseases and healthy individuals. c The volcano plot represents differentially expressed N-glycans in three pairwise comparisons, including BC versus HC, BC versus UB, and BC versus UM (log2(FC) > 1, p < 0.05). P-values were calculated from Tucky’s HSD post-hoc test (two-sided), adjusted by the Benjamini-Hochberg method. d The strategy for screening candidate N-glycans biomarkers. e Intensity distribution of candidate N-glycan biomarkers in the N-glycome of urinary EVs. f Performance benchmark of 10 machine learning classifiers based on three evaluation metrics: accuracy, F1 score and ROC AUC.Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
