Fig. 1: Screening of uncharacterized ribosome arrest peptides by overexpression phenotype.

a Working hypothesis for screening uncharacterized ribosome arrest peptides. Serial dilution spot assay for evaluating the cytotoxicity when established (b) or recently identified (c) sORFs were overexpressed in E. coli cells. A representative of three independent experiments (n = 3) is shown. d Schematic illustration of a comparative quantitative proteomic analysis. Each sORF was overexpressed in E. coli cells, and all samples were subjected to the LC-MS/MS-based proteome analysis. The proteomic changes by the overexpression were quantified as the fold changes relative to the cells harboring an empty vector. e PCA score plot of PC1 and PC2. The numbers in the x- and y-axis labels represent the proportion of the variances of PC1 and PC2, respectively. Vector means the data from fold changes of another vector control against a vector control. Colors (green, blue, and red) correspond to the clustering by a hierarchical clustering analysis (Supplementary Fig. 1i).