Fig. 2: Overview of usage as a digital twin.

a Results of generating images based on the intended amount of surgical movement (IASM). As the IASM increased, the images moved away from the red dotted line, indicating a presumed increase in the magnitudes of movement. b Evaluation of usability as a digital twin by two orthodontists (ODs) and two oral & maxillofacial surgeons (OMFSs). c Questionnaire for digital-twin evaluation. d Responses to a questionnaire by the two ODs and two OMFSs.