Fig. 5: Stability/durability of HP-IrO_xH_y-BM in MEAs.

a Top is chronopotentiometric measurement (at 1 A cm⁻²) for the MEA with the HP-IrO_xH_y-BM anode and bottom is the estimated S-number at different time slots. The benchmark S-number is from Ir^VI-ado. b Extracted power output profile from practical solar panels in the daytime (green solid line). The orange dots are the applied power input profile (~10.5 h) for the MEA. c The recorded cell voltage and current profiles. The tests are repeated/cycled seven times. d Estimated S_d-numbers vs. cycle number. The stability/durability measurements were performed once, and the standard deviation of S-/S_d-numbers is estimated from ICP-MS results.