Fig. 4: Formation process investigation of the cubic-phase δ-Mo2N MLHSs and δ-MoN HHSs.

a–f Under the etching effect of NH3·H2O, MoG solid microspheres gradually transformed to MoG MLHSs within 7 h. g Schematic illustrating the nitriding process of the γ-Mo2N MHSs. h TEM image of the obtained γ-Mo2N MLHSs after 0.5 h nitriding. i TEM image of the original MoG microsphere. j TEM image of the MoG/δ-MoN core–shell structure after 3 h nitridation. k Schematic illustrating the nitriding process of δ-MoN HHSs. l TEM image of the δ-MoN HHSs after 5 h nitridation. Scale bars are 150 nm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.