Fig. 4: Bacterial cell wall-specific performance of TiOx@C. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Bacterial cell wall-specific performance of TiOx@C.

From: Bacterial cell wall-specific nanomedicine for the elimination of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa through electron-mechanical intervention

Fig. 4

a, b SEM images and elemental mapping of S. aureus (a) and P. aeruginosa (b) after various treatments, scale bar, 1 μm. n = 3, biological replicates with similar results. c, d Bio-TEM images and elemental mapping of S. aureus (c) and P. aeruginosa (d) before and after TiOx@C treatment, scale bar, 500 nm. n = 3, biological replicates with similar results. e, f Permeability of bacterial membrane determined by ONPG assay and protein leakage analysis of S. aureus (e) and P. aeruginosa (f) after various treatments. n = 4, biological replicates. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post test was used to analyze multiple groups. NS, not significant.

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