Fig. 1: Relative exercise timing and strain associations with sleep and nocturnal autonomic activity.
From: Dose-response relationship between evening exercise and sleep
GAMMs demonstrating the relationship between exercise timing relative to habitual sleep onset and A sleep onset, B sleep duration (in hours), C sleep quality, D nocturnal RHR, and E nocturnal HRV at different levels of exercise strain. Exercise group lines (measure of centre) represent GAMM estimates. Shaded area surrounding each exercise strain group line represents 95% confidence intervals. Horizontal grey dashed line indicates the mean outcome variable on no exercise days. Vertical black dotted line indicates habitual sleep onset. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
