Fig. 2: Actual exercise timing and strain associations with sleep and nocturnal autonomic activity.
From: Dose-response relationship between evening exercise and sleep
GAMMs demonstrating the relationship between exercise timing relative to actual sleep onset and A sleep duration (in hours), B sleep quality, C nocturnal RHR, and D nocturnal HRV at different levels of exercise strain. Exercise group lines (measure of centre) represent GAMM estimates. Shaded area surrounding each exercise strain group line represents 95% confidence intervals. Horizontal grey dashed line indicates the mean outcome variable on no exercise days. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
