Fig. 2: Building a hybrid VAP-1/MPO dual inhibitor from known structures for each target.

Representative examples of clinically investigated VAP-1 and MPO inhibitors showing the starting templates for drug-drug conjugate design. Selected examples of explored hybrid molecules (Compounds A–E), including the structure of SNT-8370 (Compound E). Colour-coding showing the active warheads for VAP-1 (Blue) and MPO (Green, Pink).