Table 6 Top 20 novel genes exhibiting genome-wide significance for the TyG index, a marker of insulin resistance, identified within the Taiwan Biobank cohort

CHR	Rank	Gene	Top SNP	Top P	Interval (b38)		GWAS catalog
2	4	SPATA31H1	rs1919127	6.90E-114	27,576,521	27,582,722	NA
2	3	ZNF512	rs12989678	1.30E-115	27,582,968	27,623,215	T2D, TG
2	13	GPN1	rs34502053	7.90E-68	27,628,647	27,650,846	TG, FG, BMI
2	17	SUPT7L	rs4666010	9.90E-45	27,650,809	27,663,840	NA
2	15	SLC4A1AP	rs13021208	1.60E−57	27,663,470	27,694,980	AD, TG
2	19	RBKS	rs898034	1.50E-38	27,781,379	27,890,387	TG
2	20	MRPL33	rs3792252	2.20E-37	27,771,719	27,779,733	TG, FG
7	12	FZD9	rs1178947	5.80E-69	73,433,778	73,436,120	TG, HDL-C
7	11	BAZ1B	rs111837003	1.20E-71	73,440,406	73,522,293	TG, HDL-C
7	9	BCL7B	rs7793710	1.10E-83	73,536,352	73,557,735	HDL-C
7	8	TBL2	rs13246490	2.60E-84	73,568,945	73,578,683	TG, HDL-C, BMI
11	1	BUD13	rs6589565	7.3E-445	116,748,173	116,772,987	TG, HDL-C
11	2	APOC3	rs5128	2.80E-152	116,829,907	116,833,071	TG, HDL-C
11	18	APOA1	rs12718464	3.10E-39	116,835,752	116,837,622	TG, HDL-C, BMI
11	10	PAFAH1B2	rs7925256	8.00E-75	117,144,283	117,178,173	TG, HDL-C, BMI
11	14	SIDT2	rs6589603	1.10E−59	117,178,743	117,197,442	TG, HDL-C
11	16	TAGLN	rs588534	3.40E−51	117,199,294	117,207,465	TG, HDL-C
19	6	NECTIN2	rs283811	1.60E-94	44,846,135	44,889,228	AD, T2D, TG, HDL-C, BMI
19	7	TOMM40	rs157582	7.50E-94	44,891,219	44,903,689	AD, TG, HDL-C, BMI
19	5	APOE	rs440446	1.70E-106	44,905,796	44,909,393	AD, T2D, TG, HDL-C, BMI

AD Alzheimer’s disease, b38 Genome Research Consortium human build 38, BMI body mass index, CHR chromosome, FG fasting glucose, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, IR insulin resistance, NA not available, Pos position, T2D type 2 diabetes, TAD topologically associating domains, TG triglycerides.
Previous GWASs reported in the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog have identified various phenotypes that reach genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10⁻⁸). This GWAS analysis utilized BOLT-LMM’s mixed linear models with a two-sided chi-square test. The conventional genome-wide significance threshold of P < 5 × 10⁻⁸ was applied.

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