Table 7 The association of disease phenotypes with the TyG index, TG:HDL ratio, PRS of the TyG index, and PRS of the TG:HDL ratio

From: Gene clusters linked to insulin resistance identified in a genome-wide study of the Taiwan Biobank population

‘

 

TyG index

TG:HDL-C

PRS of TyG index

PRS of TG:HDL-C

Disease

N (%)

Case

Control

P

Case

Control

P

Case

Control

P

Case

Control

P

Osteoporosis

1635 (4.01)

8.43 (0.52)

8.38 (0.56)

0.0002

2.11 (1.52)

2.22 (1.68)

0.0058

−0.04 (1.01)

0.00 (1.00)

0.1199

−0.03 (0.99)

0.00 (1.00)

0.1499

Arthritis

1973 (4.84)

8.47 (0.52)

8.38 (0.56)

<0.0001

2.23 (1.54)

2.22 (1.69)

0.7792

−0.01 (0.99)

0.00 (1.00)

0.6785

−0.01 (0.97)

0.00 (1.00)

0.5976

Gout

1458 (3.58)

8.76 (0.53)

8.37 (0.55)

<0.0001

3.46 (2.23)

2.17 (1.64)

<0.0001

0.08 (0.98)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.0016

0.08 (0.98)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.001

Asthma

1519 (3.73)

8.38 (0.55)

8.38 (0.56)

0.9077

2.22 (1.66)

2.22 (1.68)

0.899

−0.00 (0.99)

0.00 (1.00)

0.9353

−0.02 (0.98)

0.00 (1.00)

0.4724

Emphysema bronchitis

499 (1.22)

8.43 (0.53)

8.38 (0.56)

0.0595

2.27 (1.76)

2.22 (1.68)

0.469

−0.03 (0.99)

0.00 (1.00)

0.4625

−0.04 (0.96)

0.00 (1.00)

0.383

Coronary heart disease

4087 (10.03)

8.41 (0.54)

8.38 (0.56)

<0.0001

2.23 (1.64)

2.21 (1.68)

0.5341

0.00 (0.99)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.9633

−0.02 (1.00)

0.00 (1.00)

0.2719

Valve heart disease

1827 (4.48)

8.31 (0.53)

8.38 (0.56)

<0.0001

1.98 (1.51)

2.23 (1.69)

<0.0001

−0.01 (1.01)

0.00 (1.00)

0.6366

−0.03 (1.01)

0.00 (1.00)

0.2179

Coronary Artery Disease

524 (1.29)

8.66 (0.52)

8.38 (0.56)

<0.0001

2.89 (1.91)

2.21 (1.67)

<0.0001

0.13 (0.97)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.0035

0.09 (0.96)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.0454

Arrhythmia

1836 (4.50)

8.43 (0.53)

8.38 (0.56)

0.0001

2.21 (1.54)

2.22 (1.68)

0.9548

−0.02 (0.99)

0.00 (1.00)

0.323

−0.04 (1.00)

0.00 (1.00)

0.106

Cardiomyopathy

334 (0.82)

8.62 (0.55)

8.38 (0.56)

<0.0001

2.84 (2.03)

2.21 (1.67)

<0.0001

−0.06 (1.04)

0.00 (1.00)

0.2711

−0.05 (1.03)

0.00 (1.00)

0.3761

Hyperlipidemia

2891 (7.09)

8.73 (0.54)

8.35 (0.55)

<0.0001

3.06 (2.08)

2.15 (1.63)

<0.0001

0.24 (1.04)

−0.02 (0.99)

<0.0001

0.21 (1.05)

−0.02 (0.99)

<0.0001

Hypertension

4684 (11.49)

8.68 (0.51)

8.34 (0.55)

<0.0001

2.92 (1.90)

2.12 (1.63)

<0.0001

0.04 (1.01)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.0058

0.03 (1.00)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.0194

Apoplexia

271 (0.66)

8.53 (0.55)

8.38 (0.56)

<0.0001

2.64 (1.85)

2.21 (1.68)

0.0002

−0.03 (1.07)

0.00 (1.00)

0.6692

−0.01 (1.06)

0.00 (1.00)

0.8817

Diabetes

1683 (4.13)

8.83 (0.52)

8.36 (0.55)

<0.0001

3.03 (1.93)

2.18 (1.66)

<0.0001

0.06 (0.99)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.0137

0.05 (1.00)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.0424

Gastrointestinal

9500 (23.31)

8.42 (0.55)

8.37 (0.56)

<0.0001

2.26 (1.69)

2.20 (1.67)

0.0015

0.00 (0.99)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.7086

−0.01 (1.00)

0.00 (1.00)

0.427

Peptic ulcer

5859 (14.38)

8.43 (0.54)

8.37 (0.56)

<0.0001

2.27 (1.68)

2.21 (1.68)

0.004

0.01 (1.00)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.4851

−0.00 (1.00)

0.00 (1.00)

0.422

Gastroesophageal reflux

5674 (13.92)

8.41 (0.55)

8.37 (0.56)

<0.0001

2.25 (1.67)

2.21 (1.68)

0.117

−0.01 (1.00)

0.00 (1.00)

0.2397

−0.02 (1.01)

0.00 (1.00)

0.1207

Irritable bowel syndrome

1034 (2.54)

8.40 (0.56)

8.38 (0.56)

0.2199

2.25 (1.69)

2.22 (1.68)

0.5202

−0.04 (0.98)

0.00 (1.00)

0.1835

−0.03 (1.00)

0.00 (1.00)

0.283

Mental disease

1810 (4.44)

8.42 (0.56)

8.38 (0.56)

0.0006

2.29 (1.71)

2.21 (1.68)

0.067

0.01 (1.01)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.5375

0.02 (1.01)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.4359

Depression

1460 (3.58)

8.42 (0.56)

8.38 (0.56)

0.0025

2.27 (1.73)

2.21 (1.68)

0.1848

−0.01 (1.01)

0.00 (1.00)

0.7788

0.00 (1.01)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.9474

Manic depression

277 (0.68)

8.50 (0.55)

8.38 (0.56)

0.0004

2.47 (1.76)

2.21 (1.68)

0.011

0.17 (1.01)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.004

0.11 (1.01)

−0.00(1.00)

0.0676

Nervous system disease

1360 (3.34)

8.35 (0.56)

8.38 (0.56)

0.0785

2.11 (1.65)

2.22 (1.68)

0.017

−0.02 (1.01)

0.00 (1.00)

0.3977

−0.03 (1.00)

0.00 (1.00)

0.3298

Hemicrania

1174 (2.88)

8.34 (0.56)

8.38 (0.56)

0.0115

2.06 (1.61)

2.22 (1.68)

0.0009

−0.02 (1.02)

0.00 (1.00)

0.3922

−0.03 (1.00)

0.00 (1.00)

0.2331

Stone

4172 (0.24)

8.53 (0.54)

8.36 (0.56)

<0.0001

2.58 (1.81)

2.17 (1.66)

<0.0001

0.00 (0.99)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.9289

−0.00 (1.00)

0.00 (1.00)

0.8771

Liver gall stone

1871 (4.59)

8.5 (0.53)

8.37 (0.56)

<0.0001

2.46 (1.7)

2.2 (1.68)

<0.0001

0.02 (0.99)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.476

0.00 (0.99)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.8524

Kidney stone

2490 (6.11)

8.55 (0.55)

8.37 (0.56)

<0.0001

2.69 (1.88)

2.19 (1.66)

<0.0001

−0.00 (0.99)

0.00 (1.00)

0.9761

0.00 (1.00)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.9619

Vertigo

2524 (6.19)

8.39 (0.53)

8.38 (0.56)

0.2181

2.12 (1.53)

2.22 (1.69)

0.001

0.03 (0.99)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.1313

0.02 (0.99)

−0.00 (1.00)

0.2213

  1. PRS polygenic risk score, TG:HDL-C the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol TyG index the triglyceride-glucose index. The TyG index was derived using the formula Ln[fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Significant p values, denoted in bold, indicate statistical significance after applying the Bonferroni correction threshold of p = 0.00185 (obtained by dividing the conventional significance level of 0.05 by the number of tests conducted, which in this case is 27; 0.05/27 = 0.00185). Polygenic risk scores were generated with PRS-CS using Bayesian regression; subsequent two-sided linear regression tested associations.
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