Table 8 The summary of the pathway analysis results for the whole cohort, sex-specific cohorts, and genes from previous studies

Adherens junction

5.31E-13

2.59E-02

6.39E-04

4.65E-14

Alzheimer’s disease

2.24E-26

1.70E-03

2.16E-02

3.25E-23

Cell cycle

1.80E-39

9.35E-06

1.18E-10

3.64E-37

Estrogen signaling pathway

6.79E-10

2.09E-11

-

8.21E-10

Glucose metabolism

3.95E-05

4.39E-02

-

2.31E-03

Insulin resistance

4.76E-10

-

-

8.07E-16

Insulin signaling pathway

8.09E-14

-

-

7.07E-22

Insulin secretion

-

1.92E-02

-

-

Neurodegeneration

1.91E-25

2.64E-06

7.79E-03

3.41E-23

Notch signaling

3.99E-03

9.98E-03

1.91E-02

1.50E-05

Nervous system development

2.49E-29

8.72E-11

7.29E-05

2.41E-43

Plasma lipoprotein assembly, remodeling, and clearance

4.64E-06

3.59E-02

-

1.90E-03

TGF-beta signaling pathway

4.92E-24

8.54E-09

3.84E-05

8.47E-24

Tight junction

2.36E-07

-

4.02E-03

4.78E-11

Wnt signaling pathway

1.30E-06

5.13E-06

6.74E-04

2.02E-08