Fig. 3: Uptake of Bif.BEVs by organoids and in-vivo biodistribution of Bif.BEVs after oral administration.

a Bright field imaging of 7-day old intestinal organoid developed from 15-week-old C57BL/6 mice. b Confocal imaging showing uptake of PKH26 (red) stained Bif.BEVs (10 µg/ml) by intestinal organoids along with no BEVs control after 24 h. DAPI (blue) was used to visualize nuclei. c Bright field image of 14-day old organoid developed from a lung cancer patient. d Immunofluorescent detection of patient-derived lung cancer organoids treated with PKH67 (green) stained Bif.BEVs (10 µg/ml) for 24 h. DAPI (blue) was used to visualize nuclei. e Immunofluorescent detection of patient-derived lung cancer organoids treated with DS for 2 h and then with PKH67 (green) stained Bif.BEVs (10 µg/ml) for 24 h. DAPI (blue) was used to visualize nuclei. Scale bar = 10 µm. a–e are representatives of three independent experiments with all scale bars = 10 µm. f Syngeneic tumor bearing C57BL/6 mice were orally administered with either DiD labeled Bif.BEVs (2 × 10¹⁰/mouse) or unlabeled in PBS. The organs were excised 8-10 h post Bif.BEVs administration for imaging using IVIS imaging system. The epifluorescence was measured using radiant efficiency. The images shown are representative of four tumors. The graph on the right shows quantification of radiant efficiency in the tumors. The histogram bars depict mean ± SEM values, analyzed using an unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction (two-sided). Exact p-values are indicated in the figure. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.