Fig. 4: XAFS analysis and proposed PET pathway.

a–d XAFS analysis of different catalysts. a The XANES spectra of Ni K-edge of different catalysts and reference samples. b The FT curves of EXAFS k2χ(k) spectra of Ni K-edge. c The WT-EXAFS analysis of NiFeCoCrW0.2 catalyst. d The near-edge absorption energy at χμ = 0.5 of Ni K-edge, Co K-edge, and Fe K-edge. e The PET pathway proposed in NiFeCoCrW0.2 catalyst.