Fig. 3: The performance of the CsPbI3 PSCs.

a Current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics of 0.089 cm2 champion CsPbI3 PSCs with Au electrode and F-CE, respectively. b Continuous current output of champion 0.089 cm2 F-CE based CsPbI3 PSCs at a steady-state bias voltage of 1.01 V, demonstrating a PCE of over 19.2% after 2 min operation. c J-V characteristics of 1 cm2 champion CsPbI3 PSCs with F-CE. d Summary of advances in PCEs of carbon-based inorganic CsPb(I, Br)3 PSCs. e Transient photocurrent spectra of the devices under 0 V bias voltage in the dark. f Time-resolved photoluminescence spectra of the FTO/CsPbI3/spiro-OMeTAD/CEs.