Fig. 1: Synthesis and characterization of SP-Cu2O.

a Schematic demonstration for the synthesis of CuH-derived SP-Cu2O. XRD patterns (b) and Cu K-edge EXAFS spectra (c) for CuH evolving process under ambient condition. SEM (d, e) and TEM (f) images, inset in (d) is the size distribution diagram. g pore-size distribution curve obtained from N2 adsorption-desorption measurements. Finite element simulation of triple-phase reaction interfaces: the hydroxide concentration flux for the models without (h) and with (i) mesopores (10 nm in diameter); the current distribution at the triple-phase reaction interfaces based on simplified 2D catalyst models without (j) and with (k) mesopores. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.