Fig. 2: Preconfigured ensembles are aligned across both pre- and postlearning sleep in engram cells.

A Schematic diagram of the tracking of all learning ensembles with ensembles detected in other sessions (pre-, post-learning sleep, and retrieval). Ensemble pairs have green-filled circles or blue hollow circles indicating activation or absence of that ensemble, respectively. Ensembles were considered active if the ensemble pair, from a different session, had normalized cosine similarity >0.6. B, C Pie charts showing percentage of ensembles relative to the learning session (A) using the NREM sleep only (B) or the REM sleep only (C) in pre- and post-learning sleep. B n = 6 mice. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. Statistical comparisons were made using Repeated-measures two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (B, C). Data represent the mean ± s.e.m. The Experiment was independently repeated six times. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Detailed statistics are shown in Supplementary Data 1.