Fig. 5: Peritoneal-resident immunosuppressive macrophages contribute to the peritoneal metastatic TIME.

A Dot plots of selected genes encoding receptors of key macrophage chemoattractants. B Boxplot showing the normalized protein expression (NPX) levels using Olink technology in PF comparing HC (n = 5 donors) to PM-CRC patients (n = 12 patients). Line at median. Statistics: Mann–Whitney test, two-tailed. ***p = 0.0003; 0.0006; 0.0003. C Radarplot showing TAM median Ucell score signature per macrophage subset in PM. D Dot plots representing the 5 most differentially expressed TAM-associated genes per macrophage subset. Size represents percentage expressing cells and color represents the median gene expression. E Heatmap of bulk RNA-sequencing data (GSE190609) of paired patients’ primary tumor (PT), liver metastasis (LM), and peritoneal metastasis (PM) of colorectal cancer showing Z-score of immunosuppressive macrophage markers. F Paired patient analysis of gene set score in (E) (n = 12 patients with PT and PM, 6 patients also had LM). Statistics: paired t-test, two-tailed. *p = 0.026; 0.013. CMs cavity macrophages, mono-CMs monocyte-like cavity macrophages, mono-mac monocyte-macrophage, PM peritoneal metastasis, PT primary tumor, LM liver metastasis, HC healthy controls, PM-CRC peritoneal metastasized colorectal cancer, RTM resident-tissue macrophages, Angio pro-angiogenic, IFN interferon-primed, INFLAM inflammatory-cytokine enriched, LA lipid-associated, Prolif proliferating, Reg immune regulatory. (ns = non-significant; *p ≤ 0.05; ***p ≤ 0.001). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.