Fig. 3: Changes of microglia following HSV-1 infection on the NVU model.

a Fluorescent images showing microglial migration (red) following HSV-1 infection on the chip at 0, 1, 3, and 5 dpi (n = 3 for biological replicates; n = 3 for technical replicates). The dotted white line indicates the interface between astrocytes-neurons compartment and microglia compartment. b Quantification of the migrated microglia at 0, 1, 3 and 5 dpi (n = 3 for biological replicates; n = 3 for technical replicates). Data are presented as the mean ± SD and were analyzed using an unpaired two-sided Student’s t-test. c Confocal micrographs of microglia (red) immunostained for Ki67 at 4 dpi (n = 3 for biological replicates; n = 3 for technical replicates). The dotted white line indicates the interface between astrocytes-neurons compartment and microglia compartment. d Quantification of Ki67+ microglia based on c. Three fields were quantified for each chip. Data are presented as the mean ± SD and were analyzed using an unpaired two-sided Student’s t-test. e Confocal micrographs of astrocytes/neurons immunostained for viral gG protein (green) and MAP2 (red) at 4 dpi, with or without microglia (n = 4 for biological replicates; n = 3 for technical replicates). f Quantification of the infected neurons based on (c) (n = 4 for biological replicates; n = 3 for technical replicates). Three fields were quantified for each chip. Data are presented as the mean ± SD and were analyzed using an unpaired two-sided Student’s t-test.