Fig. 6: Evaluation of HSV-1-induced neurovascular injury in response to autophagy activators treatment on the NVU model.

a Experimental flow diagram showing the drug testing on the HSV-1 encephalitis model. b Cell viability assay showing the therapeutic effects of different drugs on HBMECs, Astrocytes/Neurons, and microglia following HSV-1 infection on the model at 7 dpi (n = 3 for biological replicates; n = 3 for technical replicates). Acyclovir (Acyc) was used as a positive control drug. Rapa rapamycin, 3-MA 3-methyladenine, Euphpepluone K EupK, Munronin V MunV. Cells were stained with LIVE/DEAD® Viability/Cytotoxicity Kit, and red color indicates the dead cell. c 4 kDa FITC-dextran assay showing the effects of different drugs on the BBB permeability following HSV-1 infection at 7 dpi (n = 3 for biological replicates; n = 3 for technical replicates). Data are presented as the mean ± SD and were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test. d LDH assay showing the therapeutic effects of different drugs on the model following HSV-1 infection at 7 dpi (n = 3 for biological replicates; n = 3 for technical replicates). Data are presented as the mean ± SD and were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test.