Fig. 3: Changes in average α, γ, and β diversity (\(\overline{\varDelta \alpha }\), ∆γ, and ∆β) with nutrient addition for native and non-native species groups.

A Native and B non-native species. LRR: log response ratio. The white 1:1 diagonal line indicates no effects of nutrient addition on β diversity. Numbers in the parentheses are the number of sites. When a site has \(\overline{\Delta \alpha }\,\)= 0, ∆γ = 0, or ∆β = 0, it was not counted into any of the six scenarios as shown in the framework. The small points represent site-level \(\overline{\Delta \alpha }\) and ∆γ. The large open point and error bars are the estimated mean and 95% credible intervals for \(\overline{\Delta \alpha }\), ∆γ, and ∆β across all sites. See Table S5 for model fit and estimated overall means and 95% credible intervals for \(\overline{\Delta \alpha }\), ∆γ, and ∆β. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.