Fig. 6: The energy and water consumption of the CCS deployment schemes.

a, b The summary of energy and water consumption, including the energy and water consumption by composition and the average energy and water intensities (points). c, d The spatial distribution of energy and water consumption under the high steel output scenario. The sizes of points represent the energy and water consumption amount by site, and the colors represent the energy and net water consumption by province. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Based China map data are adapted from GS(2024)0650 from http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/ and created using ArcGIS 10.8.