Fig. 5: Metagene expression and blood cytokine features of patients with different dupilumab responses, based on the longitudinal study.

A Time-course of disease severity (modified Eczema Area and Severity Index: mEASI) in patients treated with dupilumab (n = 24 patients). The blue line represents 6.3, which is the cutoff for mild disease severity in the mEASI. B Correlation between the disease severity score (mEASI) and treatment response groups before treatment. The x-axis represents the responder group: +++ “early responders,” ++ “intermediate responders,” and + “poor responders.” n = 5 (early responders), 11 (intermediate responders), 8 (poor responders). Correlation between treatment outcomes and the expression of skin metagenes (C), skin marker genes (D), and blood cytokines (E) before treatment. n (samples) = 19 (lesional AD skin), 15 (non-lesional AD skin), 19 (blood). In (C, D), the red and blue dots represent lesional and non-lesional samples, respectively. In (B–D), in box plots, the center line represents the median; the lower and upper bounds of the box represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively; whiskers extend to the smallest and largest values within 1.5× the interquartile range from the lower and upper quartiles. The p values indicate the significance obtained using Spearman’s correlation analysis. *p < 0.01, †p < 0.05. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.