Fig. 6: POEM/siSPB9 NPs improved tumor microenvironment and synergized with anti-PD-1 treatment in gemcitabine resistant pancreatic cancer model.

a Changes of average tumor volumes and individual tumor volume in mice bearing KPC-C2 gemcitabine resistant (GEMR) subcutaneous tumor receiving various treatments. n = 5 mice. b Tumor weights and images of KPC-C2 GEMR tumor-bearing mice receiving different treatments. n = 5 mice. Single-cell suspensions were prepared from KPC-C2 GEMR tumor samples and subjected to flow cytometry analysis of CD45⁺ cells (c), CD80⁺/CD163⁺ macrophages ratio (d), CD8⁺ T cells (e), CD8⁺GzmB⁺ T cells (f), CD4⁺IFNγ⁺ (g), CD8⁺IFNγ⁺ (h), CD4⁺T_reg (i), Ki67⁺ tumor cells (j), Annexin V⁺ tumor cells (k), CD4⁺PD1⁺ (l) and CD8⁺PD1⁺ (m). n = 10 independent samples. n Changes of average tumor volumes and individual tumor volume in KPC-C2-GEMR tumor (subcutaneous)-bearing mice receiving PBS, anti-PD1, POEM/siSPB9, and combination treatment. n = 5 mice. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. in (a–n). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test for comparison in (b–m) and two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test for comparison in (a, n). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.