Fig. 4: Hovmöller diagrams showing anomalies (z-score: (value − mean)/standard deviation) of different drivers for northern ecosystems for each year and latitude during 2010-2022.
From: Large live biomass carbon losses from droughts in the northern temperate ecosystems during 2016-2022
a–d Anomalies for 2010–2022 in ERA5 soil moisture (a) L-VOD-derived live biomass carbon density (b) and MODIS burned area (c). d Net changes in L-VOD-derived live biomass carbon (summed by latitude) from 2016 to 2022 are shown for areas with negative (red) and positive (green) soil moisture trends (P < 0.05) over the same period. The background gray area plot represents the average SPEI values for the corresponding pixels. e–g Anomalies for 2010–2022 in SPEI values (e), VPD (f), and TRENDY DGVMs-simulated biomass carbon density (g). h Linear trends (P < 0.05) in live biomass carbon density observed by L-VOD and modeled by TRENDY DGVMs during 2016–2022. The background bars in h represent the annual average burned area from 2016 to 2022 for the pixels showing trends (P < 0.05), while the shaded ranges around the line indicate uncertainty (Methods). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
