Fig. 1: Structural characterizations of the IE LaCu0.67Si1.33 catalyst.

a XRD patterns. b HRTEM image and the corresponding FFT patterns (inset) and c High-resolution HAADF-STEM image. d The corresponding EDS elemental mapping for La, Cu, and Si. e Unit cell structure of IE LaCu0.67Si1.33 (top and side views) along with the results of Bader charge analysis. f High-resolution Cu 2p XPS profiles of IE LaCu0.67Si1.33 and Cu samples. g XANES and h EXAFS spectra of Cu K-edge for Cu2O, CuO, Cu foil and IE LaCu0.67Si1.33. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.