Fig. 7: In vivo antitumor activity of Trojanbots in glioma-bearing mice.

a The schematic diagram of intravenous injection treatment. b Time-course bioluminescence images of orthotopic GL261 tumor-bearing mice treated with PBS, EMV@GeNPs, CatNbots, NE@EDGNs, and Trojanbots (n = 5 mice per group). c Quantified luminescence levels of mice using the Lumina IVIS III system (n = 5 mice per group). d Body weight profiles (n = 5 mice per group). e Survival curves of mice (n = 5 mice per group) (exact P value: PBS vs. Trojanbots, P = 0.0003, EMV @ GeNP vs. Trojanbot, P = 0.0005, CatNbot vs. Trojanbot, P = 0.0022, NE @ EDGN vs. Trojanbot, P = 0.2517). f H&E images of the whole brains excised from the representative mice in treatments as described above, Histological analysis using the TUNEL (Green: apoptotic cells; Blue: Hoechst-stained cell nuclei) and Ki67 assay (Green: proliferating cells; Blue: Hoechst-stained cell nuclei), CD31, HIF-1α, and N-cadherin. The histological analyses were representative of data from three mice. g–k The fluorescence statistics derived from the histological analyses shown in (f) (n = 3 mice per group) (exact P value of h: PBS vs. Trojanbot P = 5.65E−8, exact P value of j: PBS vs. Trojanbot P = 6.91E−8, EMV@GeNP vs. Trojanbot P = 1.258E−7, exact P value of k: PBS vs. Trojanbot P = 9.00532E−5). l Representative flow cytometry results showing different groups of CD45⁺CD3⁺T cells in tumor tissues of GBM. For the gating strategy for T-cell analysis, refer to Supplementary Fig. 35. m Quantitative analysis of CD3⁺CD8⁺ cytotoxic Helper T cells (n = 3 mice per group). n Quantitative analysis of CD3⁺CD4⁺ Helper T cells (n = 3 mice per group). Data are presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments (g–k, m, n) and five independent experiments (c–e). P-values are determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparisons tests in (c, e, g–k, m, n). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.