Fig. 6: Catalytic performance of the CLOU-ODHP process.

a 50 redox cycles performed in a packed bed reactor containing 2 g 20NaNO₃-d and 100 mg VO_x/SiO₂ (GHSV of 16,200 mL(g_cath)⁻¹) with 30 min of ODHP half cycle at 500 °C. b Comparison of different ODHP catalysts when co-feeding oxygen and CL(OU)-ODHP at 500 °C. The examined ODHP catalysts are hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), MgO-supported CrO_x (CrO_x/MgO), MoVNbTeO_x (M1), and SiO₂-supported VO_x (VO_x/SiO₂). A detailed discussion on the choice of ODHP catalyst is provided in the supplementary discussion. CLOU-ODHP was carried out utilizing 2 g SCFO/20NaNO₃-d and 100 mg VO_x/SiO₂ (GHSV of 16,200 mL(g_cath)⁻¹), with 30 min of ODHP half cycle. CL-ODHP of VO_x/SiO₂ was carried out under identical conditions as CLOU-ODHP but in the absence of an oxygen carrier. c Performance of h-BN and VO_x-based ODHP catalysts when co-feeding oxygen and VO_x-based CL(OU)-ODHP under comparable operating conditions at 500 °C. The performance referring to the herein presented CLOU-ODHP scheme was achieved using 2 g SCFO 20NaNO₃-d and 300 mg VO_x/SiO₂ (GHSV of 5400 mL(g_cath)⁻¹) at 500 °C, with 15 min of ODHP half cycle (a list of references is provided in the Supplementary Table 1).