Fig. 5: Haplotype analysis of GA20ox3.
a Haplotype network of the GA20ox3 promoter region created using 576 accessions, revealing four clades: Hap1, Hap2, Hap3, and Hap4. Each circle represents one haplotype, with the size corresponding to the haplotype frequency. b EMSAs showing the differences in DOF6-binding affinity with four haplotypes containing the GA20ox3 promoter region. c Dual-luciferase expression assays of GA20ox3Hap1/Hap2/Hap3/Hap4 promoters activity modulated by DOF6Sic. Data are presented as means ± s.d., with different letters indicating statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. All experiments were conducted three times with consistent results. d, e Geographic distribution of 576 accessions. The heat map displayed on the map shows the minimum temperature of December (d) and altitude (e). f Comparison of the minimum temperature in December between Hap2 and other haplotypes. g Comparison of the altitude between Hap2 and other haplotypes. h Comparison of DSDS50 (the days of seed dry storage required to reach 50% of germination) between Hap1/4 and Hap2/3 is shown. i Comparison of the germination rate between Hap1/4 and Hap2/3. In f–i, the number of plants (n) is shown. Center lines represent the medians, edges of the box indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles, and whiskers indicate the minima and maxima. P values are determined using unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
