Fig. 3: Electrochemical performance and deposit morphology of Li metal plating/stripping in designed electrolyte at low temperature.
From: Thermoresponsive ether-based electrolyte for wide temperature operating lithium metal batteries
a, b CE (a) and Long-term CE (b) of Li||Cu cells with designed electrolytes under a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2 and a cutoff areal capacity 1 mAh cm−2 at −40 °C. c Long-term cycling performance of Li||Li cells with designed electrolytes at 0.5 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. d Rate performance of Li||Cu cells with designed electrolytes at different current densities. e–j SEM images (e, h), surface topography (f, i) and Gaussian statistical distribution of surface potentials (g, j) of lithium deposition on Cu foil with THF- (e–g) and TO-based (h–j) electrolytes at 0.5 mA cm−2 with a cutoff areal capacity of 1 mAh cm−2 at −40 °C.
