Fig. 4: TOF–SIMS tests with Li stripped of Li/CP and Li/CP@ZnO(002) half–cells after 40 cycles and schematics.

Mapping distributions of the corresponding Li stripped negative electrodes in negative mode of a CP and b CP@ZnO(002). Mapping distributions of the corresponding Li stripped negative electrodes in positive mode of c CP and d CP@ZnO(002). Schematics of e Li foil dendrite growth, and f LiD “catalytic” effect of CP@ZnO(002) at Li deposition/stripping.