Fig. 2: Female song incidence overlaid on a phylogenetic tree of 1309 songbirds (passeri).
From: Global incidence of female birdsong is predicted by territoriality and biparental care in songbirds
This includes all species for which we have sex-specific vocal information. The bar chart shows the number and percentage of species with each degree of female song, including species with female song but no song incidence data in grey. Bird illustrations depict representative species of each song incidence level. In order, they are zebra finch (Taeniopygia castanotis), great reed-warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus), house wren (Troglodytes aedon), eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis), crimson-breasted shrike (Laniarius atrococcineus), streak-backed oriole (Icterus pustulatus), and Eurasian magpie (Pica pica). Only terminal branch colors are accurate; internal branch colors are not an ancestral state reconstruction. Figure illustration by Jillian Ditner. Bird illustrations are reused with permission by Lynx Edicions | Birds of the World, Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
