Fig. 3: Predictor variables associated with female song incidence based on phylogenetically informed Bayesian multivariate regression models.
From: Global incidence of female birdsong is predicted by territoriality and biparental care in songbirds
a Effect size plot of female song incidence showing the scaled effect size with 95% confidence intervals and direction of association with each predictor variable based on brms results. The effect size plot colours match hypotheses in Fig. 1. Significant predictor variables are bolded. Sample sizes equal the totals for each variable in b. b Distributions, mean, and standard error plotted for variables that were found to be associated with female song incidence based on brms and MCMCglmm. Posterior means and confidence interval values are presented in Table 1. For definitions of the predictor variables, see the Supplementary Material. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
